Ayu, A.R. Riza & Abrizah, A. (2011). Do you Facebook?
Usage and applications of Facebook page among
academic libraries in Malaysia. International Information & Library Review, 43 (4), 239-249.
academic libraries in Malaysia. International Information & Library Review, 43 (4), 239-249.
The purpose of this research study was to examine the use of
Facebook in Malaysian academic libraries. The reason for conducting this study
was to help social networking sites, like Facebook, become better known and
used more often in Malaysia. The study showed that out of the 14 academic
libraries in Malaysia, only three libraries are efficiently using Facebook for
their library services. The majority of the libraries are using Facebook for
marketing purposes, in addition to their promoting their various library
services.
Boyd, Danah, Hargittai, Eszter, Schultz, Jason, &
Palfrey, John. Why parents help their children lie to
Facebook about age: Unintended consequences of the ‘Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act.’
First Monday, (16) 11, 1-22.
Facebook about age: Unintended consequences of the ‘Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act.’
First Monday, (16) 11, 1-22.
This study was prompted by many parents neglecting the
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act by allowing their underage children to
lie in order to use Facebook. Although the purpose of the act is to protect
children from possible harmful sites or images, parents still allow their
children to use a site that is considered “too old” for them. The study touches
on how many parents are aware of the terms regarding Facebook and how they feel
about their children’s internet use being monitored.
Chan, Christopher. (2011). Using online advertising to
increase the impact of a library Facebook page.
Library Management, (32) 4, 361-370.
Library Management, (32) 4, 361-370.
The purpose of this experiment was to study how effective
online advertising is in drawing students to their library Facebook page. The
study showed that students are frequently shown advertisements for their school
library Facebook page, whether they are already “fans” of the page or not. The
use of Facebook as a free tool to promote libraries is not a new concept,
according to the research; it is simply a way for college libraries to reach a
larger number of people, without extra expenses.
Jacobson, Terra. (2011). Facebook as a Library Tool:
Perceived vs. Actual Use.
College & Research Libraries, (72) 1, 79-90.
College & Research Libraries, (72) 1, 79-90.
Like some of the other studies, this research study focused
on the use of Facebook for academic library resources. The main goal, however,
was to compare the perceived use of Facebook for academic purposes, versus the
actual use. The results showed that, qualitatively, the uses greatly vary. In
other words, the time spent using Facebook for school, as opposed to pleasure,
is not efficient, or “a quality use of time.”
King, Chelsea. (2011). LOLing at Tragedy: Facebook Trolls,
memorial pages, and resistance to grief
online. First Monday, (16) 12, 1-1.
online. First Monday, (16) 12, 1-1.
This research study focuses on “trolls” on Facebook. It
emphasizes the actions of trolls after tragic events, such as their comments on
Facebook memorial pages and fan pages. It compares trolls with Facebook’s
relation to the mainstream media. It touches on the obsession of our global
media with Facebook and tragedies, and shows the parallels that are linked
together by trolls.
Loan, Fayaz Ahmad. (2011). Internet Use by Rural and Urban
College Students: A Comparative Study.
DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 31 (6), 431-438.
DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 31 (6), 431-438.
The goal of this research study was to compare the use of
the internet by rural and urban college students. The method used to obtain the
data included administering a questionnaire, which asked the students questions
about when, where and how often they use computers for the internet. The
results varied for the two types of students, such as where they use the
internet, what they use the internet for, and how often they use the internet.
One similarity was that both urban and rural students do not use the internet
for sources such as e-magazines, -journals, -books, or blogs.
Loving, Matthew & Ochoa, Marilyn. (2011). Facebook as a
classroom management solution.
New Library World, (112) 3/4, 121-130.
New Library World, (112) 3/4, 121-130.
This research article focused on the use of Facebook as a
classroom management tool, particularly for research methodology classes.
Teachers have examined the functionality and ease of use Facebook provides as a
classroom teaching tool. This paper expands on the uses of Facebook as an
academic tool, studying the uses of Facebook in a classroom at the University
of Florida during a semester-long experiment.
Wan, Gang. (2011). How Academic Libraries Reach Users on
Facebook.
College & Undergraduate Libraries, (18) 4, 307-318.
College & Undergraduate Libraries, (18) 4, 307-318.
The author conducted this study due to the increasing
popularity of Facebook among college students. He explores the phenomenon of
academic libraries creating Facebook profiles, in order to reach a larger
number of users. The study showed that many academic libraries have a Facebook
page, and that most use their Facebook page to promote information about the
library, library events, different resources available, as well as updates
about the library.
Weaver, Anne. (2010). Facebook and other Pandora’s boxes.
Access (10300155), (24) 4, 24-32.
Access (10300155), (24) 4, 24-32.
This study focuses on the uses of Facebook in school, and
for school purposes. It compares the inappropriate use of Facebook in schools
with the academic use. It touches on the fact that many schools ban or filter
Facebook on their systems. This research study also includes information about
the use of Facebook on students mobile phones while at school.
Whitson, Jennifer & Dormann, Claire. (2011). Social
gaming for change: Facebook unleashed.
First Monday, (16) 10, 94-109.
First Monday, (16) 10, 94-109.
The main focus of this study involved the use of playing
games as a sort of behavioral therapy. The authors studied various types of
Facebook games, including multiplayer games and pro-social games. They examined
the positives of Facebook games, as well as the negatives. The primary aim of
this research study was to conjoin Facebook games with the concept of social
change games.
Jesus Gonzalez:
Chang, Shih-Fu, Di Zhong, and Raj Kumar.
"Real-Time Content-Based Adaptive Streaming of Sports Videos." Web.
15 Mar. 2012. <http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=>.
This
source deals more with the idea of streaming sports and how new software updates
and new technology is benefitting those who are streaming the video. It also
deals with how sports is a time sensitive matter and how streaming sports can
help those fans who aren’t able to get the game on the television.
Eastman, Susan Tyler, and Arthur M. Land. "The Best Of
Both Worlds: Sports Fans Find Good Seats At The Bar." Journal of Sport. (1997): n. page. Web.
14 Mar. 2012. <http://jss.sagepub.com/content/21/2/156.short>.
This source is basically about a guy going to a sports bar
and observing how people interact while they are watching sports. He then came
up with four ways of contextualizing watching sports: participation in a membership community, opportunity for social
interaction, access to otherwise unobtainable events, and diversionary activity.
The author then talks about the benefits of being able to watch sports with
others as something as a group experience.
Eve M. Caudill
and Patrick E. Murphy “Consumer Online
Privacy: Legal and Ethical Issues” Journal of Public
Policy & Marketing , Vol. 19, No. 1, Privacy and
Ethical Issues in Database/Interactive Marketing and Public Policy (Spring,
2000), pp. 7-19
This
is an online journal that takes a legal and ethical standpoint on the idea of
online privacy for the consumers and users of the Internet. Although it takes
more of a consumer and marketing standpoint it helps understand the ethical and
legal problems that arise during online consumerism.
Goldfarb, Avi., Tucker, Catherine E.. “Privacy
Regulation and Online Advertising”. Management Science, Volume 57,
Number 1 (January 2011), pp. 57-71, <http://0-ejournals.ebsco.com.sculib.scu.edu/direct.asp?ArticleID=4F63883B0C45D5BFA950>
This
is article from the journal of Management Science and takes the view of privacy
when it comes of advertising. I liked this source because it helped me think
about how many websites and companies invade our privacy through online
privacy.
LaBrie, Richard A., Debi A. LaPlante, Sarah E.
Nelson, Anja Schumann, and Howard J. Shaffer. "Assessing the Playing
Field:A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Internet Sports Gambling
Behavior." JOURNAL OF GAMBLING STUDIES.
23. (2007): n. page. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. < http://www.springerlink.com/content/8265p8578871gn75/abstract/>.
This
is more on the cause and effects of sports gambling. This is a prospective
longitudinal study of sports gamblers over a period of eight months to see if
gambling causes any health complications. The researchers were able to analyze
how often bets were made, how much, and if the participants won.
Levy, Mark. "Watching TV news as para‐social interaction." Journal of Broadcasting. 23.1 (2009): Web. 15
Mar. 2012. <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08838157909363919>.
This
source deals more with the idea that television has become more of a social
aspect of life because of the news advances in technology and the new
capabilities of televisions. This also talks about how not only do we interact
with the people watching television with us but we also form a relationship
with the people we see on the television.
Lwin, May O., Andrea Stanaland, and Anthony
Miyazaki. "Protecting children's privacy online: How parental mediation
strategies affect website safeguard effectiveness."Journal of Retailing. 84. (2008): 205-217. Web. 15 Mar. 2012.
<http://0-www.sciencedirect.com.sculib.scu.edu/science/article/pii/S002243590800016X>.
This
is an article that was included in the Journal of Retailing that focuses on the
online privacy of children. I found this article very helpful because it takes
a different standpoint on who uses the Internet. It mainly focuses on the
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).
Marx, G.. Privacy and technology. N.p., 1996. Web.
15 Mar 2012. <http://web.mit.edu/gtmarx/www/privantt.html>.
This source basically explains the role of
privacy in technology and society. The author of this explains how we can make
technology more private and how to improve on privacy. There are also some
techno-fallacies that are discussed which show how we often perceive technology
in a way that it actually is.
PI, Overveiw of Privacy. N.p., 2007. Web.
15 Mar 2012.
<https://www.privacyinternational.org/article/overview-privacy>.
This is an online article and as the title states
it is an overview of privacy and mainly focuses on online privacy. The author
tries to define the word privacy because it is so hard to define throughout
several different cultures. The author also goes on to explain how privacy is
now becoming one of the most basic human rights.
Veloso, Eveline, Virgilio Almeida, and Wagner
Meira. "A Hierarchical Characterization of a Live Streaming Media
Workload." Computer Science Department
Federal University of Minas Gerais Brazil. (2002): n. page. Web.
15 Mar. 2012. <http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=637201.637220>.
This source is a paper that deals with the idea of the
interaction between user with regard to live streaming media and store media.
The research shows that usually the user drives the live streaming of media
conversation whereas in the stored media the conversation is driven by the
actual media content not the users.
Annotated Bibliography Lisandro Tolentino
1. Šleglova, V., & Cerna, A. (2011). Cyberbullying in
Adolescent Victims: Perception and Coping. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace,
5(2), article
This article
focuses mainly on the impacts and consequences of cyberbullying, and on the
coping strategies chosen by victims to deal with the situation. The data was
obtained through semi-structured interviews with 15 adolescents aged 14-18
years, all of whom were cyberbullying victims. This article shows that victims
began creating a cognitive pattern of bullies, which consequently helped them
to recognize aggressive people. Bullying also provoked feelings of caution, and
brought about restriction in the use of risky online sources of threats as
victims tried to prevent its recurrence. The strategies were technical defense,
activity directed at the aggressor, avoidance, defensive strategies, and social
support.
2. Subrahmanyam, K. (2007). Adolescent Online Communication:
Old Issues, New Intensities. Cyberpsychology:
Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 1(1), article 1.
This article
is about the new technology of easily accessible chartrooms and forums that
young teenagers are using. It presents the findings from studies on two
different communication forms to argue that these new Internet forums are being
used by adolescents to confront and deal with the changes and developmental
issues that they have always faced. And Because of the medium’s affordances
however, we sometimes see these “old” behaviors in new intensities.
3. Patchin, J. W. & Hinduja, S. Traditional and
nontraditional bullying among youth: A test of general strain
theory. Youth and Society. In Press.
This
article compares the traditional and non traditional bullyin among youth. It
introduces cyberbullying and explains what happens. The article talks about the
potential causes of both variants of adolescent aggression by employing the
arguments of Agnew’s (1992) General Strain Theory. Results suggest that
those who experience strain are more likely to participate in both traditional
and nontraditional forms of bullying. Implications of these findings and
suggestions for further research in this growing area of study are also
discussed.
4.Patchin, J. W. & Hinduja, S. Cyberbullying and Self-Esteem.
Journal of School Health. In Press.
This is about the relationship
between middle school students’ experience with cyber bullying and their level
of self-esteem. Previous research on traditional bullying among adolescents has
found a relatively consistent link between victimization and lower self-esteem,
while finding an inconsistent relationship between offending and lower
self-esteem. The present work, based on data collected from approximately 2,000
middle-school students in one of the largest school districts in the United
States, found that students who experienced cyberbullying, both as a victim and
an offender, had significantly lower self-esteem than those who had little or
no experience with cyberbullying.
5. Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying,
cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 14 (3)
This article is about suicide and
cyber bullying. It conducts an experiment with 2,000 middle-schoolers, youth
who experienced traditional bullying or cyberbullying, as either an offender or
a victim, had more suicidal thoughts and were more likely to attempt suicide
than those who had not experienced such forms of peer aggression. Victimization was more strongly related to
suicidal thoughts and behaviors than offending. The findings provide further
evidence that adolescent peer aggression must be taken seriously both at school
and at home, and suggest that a suicide prevention and intervention component
is essential within comprehensive bullying response programs implemented in
schools.
6. Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C. and Lampe, C. (2007), The
Benefits of Facebook “Friends:” Social Capital and College Students’ Use of
Online Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,
12: 1143–1168. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
This article examines the relationship between use
of Facebook and the formation and maintenance of social capital. In addition to
assessing bonding and bridging social capital, we explore a dimension of social
capital that assesses one’s ability to stay connected with members of a
previously inhabited community, which we call maintained social capital.
Regression analyses conducted on results from a survey of undergraduate
students 286 suggest a strong association between use of Facebook and the three
types of social capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging
social capital. Facebook usage was found
to interact with measures of psychological well-being, suggesting that it might
provide greater benefits for users experiencing low self-esteem and low life
satisfaction.
7. Huberman, Bernardo A., Romero, Daniel M. and Wu, Fang,
Social Networks that Matter:
Twitter
Under the Microscope (2008).
This article is about scholars,
advertisers and political activists that
see massive online social networks as a representation of social interactions
that can be used to study the propagation of ideas, social bond dynamics and
viral marketing, among others. But the linked structures of social networks do
not reveal actual interactions among people. A study of social interactions
within Twitter reveals that the driver of usage
is a sparse and hidden network of connections underlying the
"declared" set of friends and followers.
8. Walther, J. B., Van Der Heide, B., Kim, S.-Y., Westerman, D.
and Tong, S. T. (2008),
The Role of Friends’ Appearance and Behavior on Evaluations
of Individuals on Facebook: Are We Known by the Company We Keep?. Human
Communication Research, 34: 28–49.
doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00312.x
This article explores how cues deposited by social partners
onto one’s online networking profile affect observers’ impressions of the
profile owner. The experiment was about relationships between both (a) what
one’s associates say about a person on a social network site via “wall
postings,” where friends leave public messages, and (b) the physical
attractiveness of one’s associates reflected in the photos that accompany their
wall postings on the attractiveness and credibility observers attribute to the
target profile owner. The results were that profile owners’ friends’
attractiveness affected their own in an assimilative pattern. Favorable or
unfavorable statements about the targets interacted with target gender:
Negatively valenced messages about certain moral behaviors increased male
profile owners’ perceived physical attractiveness, although they caused females
to be viewed as less attractive.
,
,
& .
(2006). Managing impressions
online: Self-presentation process in the online dating
environment. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(2), Article 2.
This article is about self-presentation
strategies among online dating participants, exploring how participants manage
their online presentation of self in order to accomplish the goal of finding a
romantic partner. 34 individuals active on a large online dating site
participated in telephone interviews about their online dating experiences and
perceptions. Qualitative data analysis suggests that participants attended to
small cues online, mediated the tension between impression management pressures
and the desire to present an authentic sense of self through tactics such as
creating a profile that reflected their "ideal self," and attempted
to establish the veracity of their identity claims. This study provides
empirical support for Social Information Processing theory in a naturalistic
context while offering insight into the complicated way in which
"honesty" is enacted online.
,
,
& .
(2006). Personality in
cyberspace: Personal Web sites as media for personality expressions and
impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 1014–1031.
This article examined the personality of owners of personal
web sites based on self-reports, visitors' ratings, and the content of the web
sites. The authors compared a large sample of web site owners with
population-wide samples. The average web site owner reported being slightly
less extraverted and more open to experience. Compared with various other
samples, web site owners did not generally differ on narcissism,
self-monitoring, or self-esteem, but gender differences on these traits were
often smaller in web site owners.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Dylan Mathews:
Rheingold, Howard. The Virtual
Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. Reading, MA:
Addison-Wesley Pub., 1993. Print.
This book attempts to illustrate the
landscape of sociology on the Internet, particularly as it pertains
to social networking and new media. More of a journalistic
compilation than an academic one, Rheingold offers a direct means of
analyzing the impact New Media has had since its inception on
cultures and societies. Essentially, Rheingold asserts that the
virtual community has become a quintessential aspect of populations
associated with New Media.
Christensen, Karen, and David
Levinson. Encyclopedia of Community: From the Village to the Virtual
World. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2003. Print.
This source briefly explains how social
groups form and how they operate on forums both offline and online,
particularly emphasizing the origins of cybercommunication and how
it's implemented by various permutations of social groups. In
addition to providing extensive information as to how the “virtual
world” is utilized by populations, Christensen and Levinson provide
a layout which speculates the degree to which the virtual world will
compromise privacy online as information gradually becomes more
democratized.
Bainbridge, William Sims. Berkshire
Encyclopedia of Human-computer Interaction. Great Barrington, MA:
Berkshire Pub. Group, 2004. Print.
This source provides extensive access
to research outlets which seek to dissect the relationship between
humans and Internet-based technology, particularly with respect to
how technology is gradually altering human psychology, and the manner
in which the uprising of Internet-based technology is gradually
altering how our societies function.
Flanagan, William G. Urban
Sociology: Images and Structure. Lanham, MD: Rowman &
Littlefield, 2010. Print.
This textbook provides an overview of
the relationship between technology and society, particularly with
respect to availability of and accessibility to the Internet.
Beginning with adequate formal access to the Internet, Flanagan
argues, individuals can easily participate in civic engagement under
virtually any cause they deem worthy of taking action for.
Lister, Martin. New Media: A
Critical Introduction. London: Routledge, 2003. Print.
This book presents a comprehensive
overview of the culture, structure, mediums and technologies of New
Media, especially as they pertain to laying the foundation for
technological revolution. Relative to the other sources mentioned,
this one in particular is rather dated—it is ill-equipped to
address specific issues that pertain to events proceeding 2003, such
as the rise of private Internet browsers—but it nevertheless
provides a foundational analysis of the intricacies of how New Media
shapes the human psyche on a societal scale.
Donk, Wim B. H. J. van de eds. 2002.
Cyberprotest: new media, citizens, and social movements.
This source provides an overview of how
movement societies and social groups organize to practice civil
resistance in the form of protest, both for cultural means and
political means. Essentially, Donk argues that the versatility and
availability of the Internet empowers and encourages individuals to
participate effectively in manners of organization which collaborate
to protest anything from aspects of contemporary fan culture to the
edicts of particular political regimes.
Smith, Marc and Kollock, Peter. Eds.
1999. Communities in Cyberspace. London: Routledge.
Provides an explanation of the
intricacies of social groups online, including the means in which
they organize, the purposes of their organization, etc.
Andrew Dewdney & Peter Ride.
eds. 2006. New Media as a Subject.
A standard depiction of New Media as a
type of discipline of study. Dewdney argues that New Media is
gradually becoming an intricate means for research on how
Internet-based technologies influence human behavior online as it
pertains to individuals and societies, including the content of those
behaviors in relation and interaction to each other.
Joinson, Adam N. The Oxford Handbook
of Internet Psychology. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. Print.
Extensive breadth of research and
commentary on the relationship between the Internet and human
interaction online. This source provides in it an explanation of the
current status of privacy on the Internet, and comments on whether or
not “privacy” can continue to carry the same meaning and value we
in first-world countries have traditionally attributed to
it—essentially, we may have to radically reconsider the value of
privacy on the Internet if pervasive Internet-based technologies
progress beyond the point of ratification to fit with our current
definition of and value for privacy.
Kinney, Terry A., and Maili Pörhölä.
Anti and Pro-social Communication: Theories, Methods, and
Applications. New York: Peter Lang, 2009. Print.
Illustrates the intricacies of human
interaction through online social networks and online forums, and how
exactly the Internet encourages particular aspects of human behavior
to rise above and diminish relative to others. Kinney and Pörhölä
argue that while the Internet empowers and encourages individuals to
band together in virtual communities, as Donk above similarly argues,
they argue also that the Internet can also subdue human interaction
online given the potentially hostile social environment and the
inadequate breadth of broud formal access to the Internet across
populations in first-world countries.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tyler Bray:
Fuchs, Christian. "The Political Economy Of Privacy On
Facebook." Television & New Media 13.2 (2012): 139-159. Communication
Abstracts. Web. 15 Mar. 2012.
Christian provides
a detailed analysis of the political economy of privacy, surveillance, and
accessible information on Facebook. He goes on the concepts of social privacy
on the web and if it privacy really exists on the internet. He also delves into
the exploitation of facebook users by advertisement companies and how they use
it for marketing campaigns for more “direct advertising.”Aspects of a social
internet privacy strategies are outlined and it is shown how they can be applied ot
Facebook and other social networking sites.
Bélanger, France, and Robert E. Crossler. "PRIVACY IN THE
DIGITAL AGE: A REVIEW OF INFORMATION PRIVACY RESEARCH IN INFORMATION
SYSTEMS." MIS Quarterly 35, no. 4 (December 2011): 1017-A36. Communication
Abstracts, EBSCOhost (accessed March 15, 2012).
This article
goes into the complications of privacy in a virtual medium. Crossler and
Belanger explain that some forms of personal information are needed to be put
on the internet for contact information as well as for those who seek employment.
They go into the idea that privacy is multi-leveled and cannon be summarized as
one concept. They both inform other researchers about the current state of
privacy through critical analysis. They find that information is heavily
reliant on student and USA samples, which leads the findings to be generalized
as opposed to universal representation. They go into personal privacy of
facebook and how it is used in advertising as well as how the average user
assumes that the information they post is limited only to the circle of friends
they posses.
Hull, Gordon, Heather Lipford, and Celine Latulipe.
"Contextual Gaps: Privacy Issues On Facebook." Ethics &
Information Technology 13.4 (2011): 289-302. Communication Abstracts.
Web. 15 Mar. 2012.
All three
authors identify how Facebook is a rapidly growing site with hundreds of
thousands of users joining per day. They then go into the significant privacy
issues for said users and how the applications and News Feed can be seen in
violation of ‘contextual integrity.’ Offline, personal information is sharred
through face-to-face interaction and personal experiences, which can be kept at
bay from strangers and certain individuals, but with the implementation of
Facebook, this is not so. Applications, for example, share not just the users personal
information, but friend’s information from their newsfeeds, violating standard norms
of information accessibility. Facebook poses as a threat to privacy and the
meaning of friendship.
Waters, Susan, and James Ackerman. "Exploring Privacy
Management On Facebook: Motivations And Perceived Consequences Of Voluntary
Disclosure." Journal Of Computer-Mediated Communication 17.1
(2011): 101-115. Communication Abstracts. Web. 15 Mar. 2012.
---
This study
examined the perceived motivations and consequences of voluntary disclosure of
Facebook active users using a survey administered to college students in a
public-speaking course. College-age students who took the survey were motivated
to use Facebook because they perceived their relationships improved with
friends and family, although using Facebook could become negatively habit
forming. The research suggests that users of Facebook use it more for
disclosing to distant friends rather than to close friends, which is divergent
from most early disclosure research that equates disclosure with intimacy. This
research utilizes Communication Privacy Management Theory for the theoretical
framework.
HICHANG, CHO, MILAGROS RIVERA-SÁNCHEZ, and LIM SUN SUN. "A
Multinational Study On Online Privacy: Global Concerns And Local
Responses." New Media & Society 11.3 (2009): 395-416. Communication
Abstracts. Web. 15 Mar. 2012.
This study
surveyed 1261 internet users from five cities (Bangalore, Seoul, Singapore,
Sydney and New York) to examine multinational internet users' perceptions and
behavioural responses concerning online privacy. It identified a set of
individual-level (demographics and internet-related experiences) and
macro-level factors (nationality and national culture), and tested the extent
to which they affected online privacy concerns and privacy protection
behaviours. The results showed that individual differences (age, gender and
internet experience), nationality and national culture significantly influenced
internet users' privacy concerns to the extent that older, female internet
users from an individualistic culture were more concerned about online privacy
than their counterparts. The study also identified three underlying dimensions
of privacy protection behaviour - avoidance, opt-out and proactive protection -
and found that they distinctly related to the individual and macro-level
factors. Overall, the findings highlight the conditional and multicultural
nature of online privacy.
Brian
Swafford, et al. "Attitudes Toward Online Social Connection And Self-Disclosure
As Predictors Of Facebook Communication And Relational Closeness." Communication
Research 38.1 (2011): 27-53. Communication Abstracts. Web. 15 Mar.
2012.
This
investigation tested a theoretical model of communication behavior with
specific Facebook friends, such that attitudes toward (a) online
self-disclosure, and (b) online social connection, predict Facebook
communication frequency and, in turn, relational closeness. Participants
included both undergraduates and older adults. Results generally supported the
model, with the interaction effect between self-disclosure and social
connection directly predicting Facebook communication and indirectly predicting
relational closeness. For both dependent variables, online social connection
was a positive predictor at low and moderate levels of online self-disclosure,
but high levels reduced the association to nonsignificance. One implication of
these results was that high-warrant information may discourage those with
social anxiety from social network site communication.
Ahn, June. "Teenagers’ Experiences With Social Network Sites:
Relationships To Bridging And Bonding Social Capital." Information
Society 28.2 (2012): 99-109. Communication Abstracts. Web. 15 Mar.
2012.
Many studies have
examined the relationship between social network sites (SNSs) and the
development of social capital. However, most studies to date have only
considered college and adult populations. This study examines the patterns of
SNS use in an urban, teenage sample in the United States. It tests the
hypothesis that use of SNSs is related to higher levels of social capital. The
results show that youth who use Facebook and Myspace report higher social
capital in both their school and online relationships. In addition, the
analysis suggests that distinct modes of SNS experiences are differentially
related to bridging and bonding social capital. Time spent in SNSs is related
to bridging capital, while positive or negative experiences are related to
bonding capital. The study offers new insights into how youth experience SNSs
and the relationship of that experience with their connection to the world.
Livingstone, Sonia. "Taking Risky Opportunities In Youthful
Content Creation: Teenagers' Use Of Social Networking Sites For Intimacy,
Privacy And Self-Expression." New Media & Society 10.3 (2008):
393-411. Communication Abstracts. Web. 15 Mar. 2012.
The explosion in
social networking sites such as MySpace, Facebook, Bebo and Friendster is
widely regarded as an exciting opportunity especially for youth. Yet the public
response tends to be one of puzzled dismay regarding a generation that,
supposedly, has many friends but little sense of privacy and a narcissistic
fascination with self-display. This article explores teenagers' practices of
social networking in order to uncover the subtle connections between online
opportunity and risk. While younger teenagers relish the opportunities to
recreate continuously a highly-decorated, stylistically-elaborate identity,
older teenagers favour a plain aesthetic that foregrounds their links to
others, thus expressing a notion of identity lived through authentic
relationships. The article further contrasts teenagers' graded conception of
`friends' with the binary classification of social networking sites, this being
one of several means by which online privacy is shaped and undermined by the
affordances of these sites.
Timothy Hale, et al. "The Association Among Gender, Computer
Use And Online Health Searching, And Mental Health." Information,
Communication & Society 11.4 (2008): 509-525. Communication
Abstracts. Web. 15 Mar. 2012.
Research
investigating the impacts of computer and Internet use is increasing; however,
few sociologists explore how this use may impact on mental health outcomes. The
authors use data from the 2004 General Social Survey to examine the
relationship among gender, computer and Internet use for health purposes and
mental health. Their findings are mixed in that computer and Internet use are
both positively and negatively related to mental health. They find evidence
that there may be a selection bias occurring in which those with the greatest
well-being problems are the ones searching online for health information. When
computer and the Internet use variables were included in the models, the effect
of gender on likelihood of experiencing poor mental health was attenuated,
which suggests that particular types of Internet use may mediate gender
disparities in mental health.
Bonka S. Boneva, et al. "Effects
Of Internet Use And Social Resources On Changes In Depression." Information,
Communication & Society 11.1 (2008): 47-70. Communication Abstracts.
Web. 15 Mar. 2012.
We examine how
people's different uses of the Internet predict their later scores on a
standard measure of depression, and how their existing social resources
moderate these effects. In a longitudinal US survey conducted in 2001 and 2002,
almost all respondents reported using the Internet for information, and
entertainment and escape; these uses of the Internet had no impact on changes
in respondents' level of depression. Almost all respondents also used the
Internet for communicating with friends and family, and they showed lower
depression scores six months later. Only about 20 percent of this sample
reported using the Internet to meet new people and talk in online groups. Doing
so changed their depression scores depending on their initial levels of social
support. Those having high or medium levels of social support showed higher
depression scores; those with low levels of social support did not experience
these increases in depression. Our results suggest that individual differences
in social resources and people's choices of how they use the Internet may
account for the different outcomes reported in the literature.
Robert Garcia
1. First Monday;"The interaction between
technologies and society by An Nguyen
This article takes a look back before the time of now. It
looks into the beginnings of mass media and how it has evolved into our online
news of today. It discusses how mass news travelled over the telegraph using
Morse Code. Then moving on to faxing and what was referred to as teletext and
on to videotex which is the birth of commercials and tv news. It is a short but
very useable timeline of how mass media and news has evolved to what it is
today.
2. Older Adults and Social Media, "Social
networking use among those ages 50 and older nearly doubled over the past
year" by Mary Madden
This article is by far the most useful that directly relates
to my topic. It is a study by Pew Internet, that looks into the
"wiredness" among the older generation. The study is only a few years
old and surveyed 2,252 adults. It looks specifically at sending and receiving
emails, getting news online, online banking, online classifieds and social
networking sites. Based on these surveys and interviews the data collected was
put into graphs and compared with data from a previous study where we see a
growth in technology use of the older generation.
3.How college students use the Web to conduct
everyday life research, by Alison J. Head and Michael B. Eisenberg.
This is a study of how college students use the Web in
general to look up things that pertain to their lives. This is helpful in that
about 44% of the applicants were the age 21 or 22 and use technology and the
internet. The study also tells me that the sample are also using the web on a
daily basis just as one could expect of any one of this age group in today's
world. The study was done in 2010 so it is very recent and we can assume the
information is still relevant.
4. The Current Status and Potential Development
of Online News Consumption: A Structural Approach, by An Nguyen
This article is from September 2003 and discusses how the
Web back in 2003 is beginning to become a mainstream news medium. It states
that the major growth was actually coming out of North America, mainly the United
States. Europe was still growing just not as fast as the movement was in North
America. Asia was also moving along very quickly. The article makes a lot of
predictions for the future that have come true. Such as that broadband would
make a very big difference in how many things you can access at once. Another
bold prediction is that with broadband the big target audience would be during
the work time hours. Which has also come true as well, in my office alone any
of us at any given time will have the project or email open along with some
interesting article we happen to be slowly reading as well.
5. The Age of Web diplomacy: An exploration of
international broadcasting online, by Aziz Douai
This article deals with a new
type of medium that appears to be shaping over the world. The idea of reaching
out to foriegn audiences via broadcasting over the web. To do so their landing
pages and other pages in general must relate to the audience they wish to
reach. For example having a broadcast from say Japan with the target audience
of Americans would need their site to look American. Such as their URL ending
in a .com or if they wanted to reach Britain they might try a URL ending in
.co. The article explores these types of tactics.
6. Facebook privacy settings: Who cares?,
by Danah Boyd and Eszter Hargittai
This
article deals with the privacy settings that you can change in Facebook. This
was the year that Facebook decided to alter it's settings and so this paper
looks at a study where first year students were surveyed and looked at with
their use of Facebook and its privacy features. In the end the article deals
with the realization that young people are actually quite concerned about
privacy settings. This completely debunked the assumption that young people in
the college age range do not care or look at privacy settings.
7. Factors affecting the frequency and amount
of social networking site use: Motivations, perceptions, and privacy concerns by
Jiyoung Cha
This
article deals with the amount and frequency use of social networking sties. It
dives into what makes us want to use the internet and how we see the internet.
It also touches on how important privacy has become to use in the age of social
media. The study finds that the majority of younger college students use social
networking sites and find them easy to use. The study also finds that these
same students tend to use the sites more as interpersonal utility and tend to
be more lenient when it comes to privacy settings.
8. Privacy and security disclosures on
telecardiology Web sites by Lynsey Dubbeld
This
article deals with the road blocks and hurdles that privacy has caused for the
medical field when it comes to using the internet. They take a look at the online
privacy policies that are in place for the medical field. What they came to
find in the study was that many people were afraid of just how little control
or knowledge they had about where and what was happening to their information
as soon as they gave it. This they find is the main reason that privacy
policies were put in place to put people at ease but it turns out many are
still fearful.
9. A privacy paradox: Social networking in the
United States by Susan B. Barnes
The article
deals with students and social networking and privacy. The article goes on to
define privacy for different people and also how public and private bounders
can differ. The article shows how many people do not realize the dangers that
are currently on their social media sites. Some students are asked to bring up
their pages and many have their phone numbers and addresses available for all
to see as well as pictures. The pictures also give away bits of information of
your life such as if you have family like a son or a daughter. Solutions are
given to hopefully help solve the odd paradox that we have found ourselves in.
10. Aliases, creeping, and wall cleaning:
Understanding privacy in the age of Facebook by Kate Raynes-Goldie
The article
speaks to the use and understanding of Facebook privacy settings by looking at
a study of people under the age of 30. Many people dodge the privacy worries by
creating aliases so as to protect their real identity. Others took to wall cleaning to delete
unwanted posts and tags that they were in. It touches on the loopholes that one
can use to get information on others such as using a friends account to look at
an ex girlfriends pictures. The study takes a look at how privacy is changing
with the addition of sites like Facebook into our lives, as well as how we can
get around privacy settings.
Andrew Cox
1. 'Are We Facebook Official?' Implications of Dating
Partners' Facebook Use and Profiles for Intimate Relationship Satisfaction.
Papp, Lauren M. Danielewicz, Jennifer Cayemberg, Crystal
This journal describes the different factors that Facebook
plays in a couple’s relationship. The authors conducted a study of 58 couples
and asked them to share their feelings about their significant other via
Facebook. Through visual choices such as status updates, profile pictures, and
other information about these individuals; the authors were able to conclude
that females were consistently more unsatisfied than males in their
relationship. This shows that Facebook can play a serious role in relationship
conflicts online. The authors of this study are professors at Wisconsin State
University. They all teach in the Department of Human Development and Family
Studies.
2. The relationship between frequency of Facebook use,
participation in Facebook activities, and student engagement.
Junco, Reynol: Department of Academic Development and
Counseling, Lock Haven University, 104 Russell Hall, Lock Haven, PA 17745, USA
This study took a very large sample of college students to
determine if the use of Facebook negatively or positively effected a students
engagement in co-curricular activites. The study was conducted to determine how
Facebook changes time management, motivation, and school engagement. The study
showed that a majority of the students did not see positive gains by spending
more time of facebook, it also showed no positive correlation between spending
time on facebook and becoming more active within campus activities. Although
most of the findings showed a negative impact, they did fine a few extremely
positive effects that facebook had on student’s participation.
3. Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship
between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage.
Ryan, Tracii and Xenos, Sophia: RMIT University, Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia
Facebook raises a number of important questions regarding
the impact it has on sociality. However, as Facebook is a very recent social
phenomenon, there is a distinct lack of psychological theory relating to its
use. The study aimed to investigate how personality influences usage or
non-usage of Facebook. The sample consisted of 1324 self-selected Australian
Internet users (1158 Facebook users and 166 Facebook nonusers), between the
ages of 18 and 44. Participants were required to complete an online
questionnaire package. The results showed that Facebook users tend to be more
extraverted and narcissistic, but less conscientious and socially lonely, than
nonusers.
4. Mirror, Mirror on my Facebook Wall: Effects of Exposure
to Facebook on Self-Esteem.
Gonzales, Amy L. and Hancock, Jeffrey T: Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
Contrasting hypotheses were posed to test the effect of
Facebook exposure on self-esteem. Objective Self-Awareness (OSA) from social
psychology and the Hyperpersonal Model from computer-mediated communication
were used to argue that Facebook would either diminish or enhance self-esteem
respectively. The results revealed that, in contrast to previous work on OSA,
becoming self-aware by viewing one's own Facebook profile enhances self-esteem
rather than diminishes it. Participants that updated their profiles and viewed
their own profiles during the experiment also reported greater self-esteem,
which lends additional support to the Hyperpersonal Model. These findings
suggest that selective self-presentation in digital media, which leads to
intensified relationship formation, also influences impressions of the self.
5. From footnote to Facebook.
Oosterom, Nelle
A History professor at University of Western Ontario is
working on a project that is turning still alive and also deceased war Hero’s
into Facebook pages. This has turned into a massive project aimed at making it
easier for students to have sources to searchable people. The Facebook layout
makes it easier for students to access more than just simble blurbs from
textbooks. Now they are able to gather pictures, quotes, stats and other
information regarding that person. They have run into ethical problems such as
is it ok to create a facebook for a dead person, or does the living person want
all of their information online.
6. The Effects of a Social Media Policy on Pharmacy
Students' Facebook Security Settings.
Williams,
Jennifer and James, Kristina: University of Florida, American Journal of
Pharmaceutical Education; Nov2011, Vol. 75 Issue 9, p1-6, 6p, 2 Charts
The Authors wanted to see how students entering a doctor of
pharmacy program used Facebook privacy settings before and after the college's
social media policy was presented to them. The Facebook profiles of all
entering first-year pharmacy students across 4 campuses of a college of
pharmacy were evaluated. 3 time points: before the start of the semester, after
presentation of the college's social media policy, and at the end of the
semester. Data on whether a profile could be found and what portions of the
profile were viewable also were collected. Results. After introduction of the
policy, a significant number of students increased their security settings
related to Facebook walls, information pages, and links. Conclusions. Making
pharmacy students aware of a college's social media policy had a positive
impact on their behaviors regarding online security and privacy.
7. The influence of personality on Facebook usage, wall
postings, and regret.
Moore, Kelly and McElroy, James C: Computers in Human
Behavior; Jan2012, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p267-274, 8p. Department of Marketing and
Management, Iowa State University.
The Five Factor Model of personality has been used
extensively in the management and psychology fields to predict attitudes and
behaviors. This study uses both a survey of Facebook users and actual Facebook
data to uncover why some individuals are more involved in Facebook than others.
219 undergraduate students participated in a survey that assessed their
personality and their reported usage of Facebook. Of these, 143 voluntarily befriended
the investigator, which gave her access to their actual Facebook sites and
objective data on their number of friends, photos, and wall postings. Results
showed personality to explain significant amounts of variance over and above
gender and Facebook experience in terms of actual number of Facebook friends,
the nature of their wall postings and on their level of regret for
inappropriate Facebook content.
8. The Facebook Paths to Happiness: Effects of the Number of
Facebook Friends and Self-Presentation on Subjective Well-Being.
Junghyun Kim, Jong-Eun, and
Roselyn Lee: CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking; Jun2011,
Vol. 14 Issue 6, p359-364, 6p, 2 Diagrams. School of Communication Studies,
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio and Department of Communication, Hope
College, Holland, Michigan.
The authors took 391 college students to conduct a survey on
weather or not they were honest in portraying themselves on Facebook. They
wanted to see if the number of Facebook friends had a positive association with
subjective well-being, but this association was not mediated by perceived
social support. positive self-presentation had a direct effect on subjective
well-being, honest self-presentation had a significant indirect effect on
subjective well-being through perceived social support. The study suggests that
the number of Facebook friends and positive self-presentation may enhance
users' subjective well-being, but this portion of happiness may not be grounded
in perceived social support.
9. Facebook Shuts Down ‘Most Beautiful Teen’ Page by Katie
Kindeland; ABC news
After public outcry facebook just decided to shut down the
“most beautiful teen” facebook page because it featured racy pictures of
underage people. The page violated Facebook’s statement of rights and
responsibilities. The often-provocative photos, many showing boys with their
shirts off and girls in bikinis, posing in their bedrooms and bathrooms at
home, were then judged by other Facebook users in comments for all to see. This
is an example of how Facebook is contributing to social problems that relate to
the emotional and physical well-being of its users.
10. Facebook Named In Mobile Privacy Class-Action Lawsuit by
David Cohen
This is not a scholarly source. However, I chose this
article to prove the fact that Facebook has now become the main player in
online privacy lawsuits. The class-action suit involves “surreptitious”
gathering of information about users of mobile apps made by the defendants, the
need to prevent this from continuing to happen. Because we dove into the
Facebook privacy policy we are no longer surprised that facebook is in so many
legal battles on the grounds for invasion of privacy.
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